{"id":1699,"date":"2020-07-22T11:57:05","date_gmt":"2020-07-22T11:57:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/?p=1699"},"modified":"2022-03-26T20:13:32","modified_gmt":"2022-03-26T12:13:32","slug":"in-virtue-of-singapores-education-system","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/index.php\/in-virtue-of-singapores-education-system\/","title":{"rendered":"In virtue of Singapore&#8217;s education system"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"1699\" class=\"elementor elementor-1699\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-cbd7c9b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"cbd7c9b\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-abf0118\" data-id=\"abf0118\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c2f46ef elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"c2f46ef\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">In virtue of Singapore's education system<\/h2>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a2fb43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"2a2fb43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<h6 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Written by Sami<\/h6>\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a418ad8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a418ad8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"542\" height=\"604\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Capture-8.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-1701\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Capture-8.png 542w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Capture-8-269x300.png 269w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 542px) 100vw, 542px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ce1a43 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ce1a43\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Rehearse<\/b><span>:<\/span> <span>(verb)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lexico.com\/en\/definition\/rehearse\"><sup>3<\/sup>\u00a0<\/a><\/span><\/p><ol><li><span>practise (a play, piece of music, or other work) for later public performance<\/span><ul><li><span>State (a list of points, especially those that have been made many times before); enumerate.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol><p><\/p><p><span>\u201cTo rehearse\u201d, Celia thought, \u201cmeant to repeat a series of actions in the ways we were taught &#8211; or conditioned &#8211; to do\u201d. With a finger in Hook and Eye<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ethosbooks.com.sg\/products\/hook-and-eye-stories-from-the-margins\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, she recalled Jeremy\u2019s \u201cSophia\u2019s Party\u201d, having found its evaluation of a typical national day reunion intriguing. How often do we trade the comfort of old tales for new ones? And should we be asking more about the narratives and practices of our everyday?\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span>Such things were fitting preoccupations for days like this. On it\u2019s last birthday, Singapore had taken this as an opportunity to showcase both \u201cthe old and the new\u201d and its position as a multicultural hotpot.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/singapore\/ndp-2019-summary-bicentennial-padang-11795880\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> Schools did not shy away from this either, with its students and staff donned in red and white for this memorable occasion.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.schoolbag.sg\/story\/5-ways-we-celebrate-national-day-in-school\"><sup>6<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><\/p><p><span>Yet, Celia could not shake the feeling that something lay beneath this glamour. And she was not wrong, her exposure to works like Finnbar\u2019s \u201cSubterranean Singapore 2065\u201d<a href=\"http:\/\/finbarrfallon.com\/subterranean-singapore-2065\/\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> has made her realise that privileges and luxuries came at another\u2019s misery and oppression. Finnbar\u2019s references to man\u2019s overextraction from nature and the exploitation of labour had made her shudder many a times, as she remembered projects like the Cross-Island Line<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2020\/apr\/23\/singapore-million-migrant-workers-suffer-as-covid-19-surges-back\"><sup>8<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> or the ongoing migrant worker crisis.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8b5157b elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8b5157b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"212\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image2-212x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1702\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image2-212x300.png 212w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image2-723x1024.png 723w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image2-768x1088.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image2.png 1000w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 212px) 100vw, 212px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Singapore 2065: The SG 100 Parade Celebrations by Finnbar Fallon)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d6082b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d6082b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>She rested her chin on the arm of a sofa, stretching her hand forward before inspecting it. Are stories of national solidarity not themselves a hindrance to true community and inclusivity? Surely, that had to be the case, if in the name of some national celebration, valid environmental concerns were reduced simply to the \u201cagenda\u201d of\u00a0 \u201cany interest group\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/parliament-ndp-exco-to-produce-funpacks-for-80-per-cent-of-households-those-who-want-one\"><sup>10<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> Or, Celia humored, if\u00a0 restoration of this supposed religious harmony came at the sacrifice of the very minority voices it was meant to support.<a href=\"https:\/\/barisansosialis.org\/2020\/07\/21\/racial\/\"><sup>11<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><p>She had plunged into a deep hole with that one. The walls piping hot, erupted into a volatile mess of memory. State elections were the fumes that wrapped around her, and she could only dare imagine how tight they must have been for those<a href=\"https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/singapore\/pritam-singh-wp-pap-tan-wu-meng-shanmugam-alfian-saat-12856550\"><sup>12<\/sup><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.todayonline.com\/singapore\/police-investigating-wp-candidate-raeesah-khan-social-media-posts-which-allegedly-promote\"><sup>13<\/sup> <\/a>they were after. To pursue a Singapore that is stronger together should not involve discrediting the experiences that are \u201cforeign\u201d or \u201cdo not belong\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/wethecitizens.substack.com\/p\/ge2020-xenophobia-and-class-warfare\"><sup>14<\/sup><\/a>, but instead evaluating and more importantly, creating the space and vocabulary for open discussion<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))\/reference\/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1558112\"><sup>15<\/sup><\/a>.<\/p><p>Still, placing her book nicely back on the table, she found herself perplexed. While individually, we do \u2018rehearse\u2019 these old narratives, it is clearly the institutions and systems that induce and perpetuate them in the first place. The education system (that Celia has known to shun) holds great power in this regard, given that it reinforces the values and stories of the generations to come (what Bourdieu posits about education\u2019s complicity in social reproduction<a href=\"https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))\/reference\/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1558112\"><sup>16<\/sup><\/a> bears resemblance here). Even in her readings, she had chanced upon this exact line, of which she had studiously underlined:<\/p><p><em>&#8230;.reviewing educational policies and changes that are aimed to&#8230;<\/em><\/p><p><em>Strengthen national identity, values, and social cohesion, and, in the process, sustain Singapore\u2019s society regardless of race, language, or religion.<\/em><\/p><p><i><\/i><\/p><ul><li><i><span>Goh Chor Boon &amp; S. Gopinathan, The Development of Education in Singapore since 1965<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/repository.nie.edu.sg\/handle\/10497\/15599\"><sup>17<\/sup><\/a><\/i><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0a915e elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a0a915e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Celia bit her lip but was unable to stifle her laughter &#8211; to think those above would still use the same excuse that Singaporeans were not ready!<a href=\"https:\/\/www.todayonline.com\/singapore\/older-generation-singaporeans-not-ready-non-chinese-pm-heng-swee-keat\"><sup>18<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> They never will be, if trained not to be! Perhaps that is what a \u2018rehearsal\u2019 meant&#8230;<\/span><\/p><p><b>What history meant to Celia was always a blur.<\/b><span> Not the kind where she was unable to see anything entirely; but like an unfocused camera lens, her understanding of it was fluid, brushing past without her knowing all the details.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span>It was only after the revival of a black lives movement<a href=\"https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/commentisfree\/2020\/jun\/30\/black-lives-matter-protests-voting-policy-change\"><sup>19<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> that she grew interested in the idea of colonisation. Colonisation. <\/span><i><span>Oh, which of its legacies persevered on?<\/span><\/i><span> She would wonder. She always would.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span><\/span><span>For it was upon moving away from it that Singapore had known it had to expand its education programme promptly.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/education\/the-education-system-over-the-years#:~:text=As%20Singapore%20went%20through%20decolonisation,Examination%20(PSLE)%20was%20started.\"><sup>20<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> The reason? Survival as a newly independent state. And to that end, it developed an \u201cexpert-oriented industrialisation strategy\u201d, hinging on a literate and trained workforce.<a href=\"http:\/\/Ibid, Toward p. 12\" data-wplink-url-error=\"true\"><sup>21<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span>As noble as this cause was, Celia hazards that it&#8217;s consequences still reign till today, pointing to the \u2018Kiasuism\u2019 and the overemphasis on certification and STEM jobs that remain as hallmarks of this little nation. She remembered too, that in a fit to combat fears of\u00a0 \u2018Westernisation\u2019, the incumbent had placed emphasis on \u2019Asianisation&#8217;, which saw the introduction of the Special Assistance Plan (SAP), channeling funds disproportionately towards the Chinese.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newmandala.org\/brief-history-chinese-privilege-singapore\/?fbclid=IwAR1RFZ16YS3TqeubzWuwEjljJhGb49P6HH8ptost8PHloLqutI1Cs7uGpxU\"><sup>22<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> Recently, Celia had also stumbled upon the term \u201cCMIO Multiculturalism\u201d, which was used to describe the brand of multiculturalism that Singapore had embraced in its \u2018post-colonial\u2019 days.<a href=\"https:\/\/ink.library.smu.edu.sg\/soss_research\/2749\/\"><sup>23<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> It relied mostly on generalised racial categories and peoples\u2019 blind faith in the state to maintain inter-ethic peace and harmony. The move harkens back to when the Jackson plan of 1822 was enacted, which witnessed the (geographical and institutionalised) segregation of races and consequent creation of both a language and racial hierarchy (typically favouring Europeans and the Chinese)<a href=\"https:\/\/medium.com\/@patcheezie\/the-myth-of-multiculturalism-in-singapore-d0712706db4\"><sup>24<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span>As much as our history textbooks would like us to forget, accounts of colonial Singapore continue to verbalise the reliance on indentured labour at homes, on plantations, in construction, and public projects.<a href=\"https:\/\/spj.hkspublications.org\/2016\/04\/11\/a-history-worth-remembering-forced-labour-and-national-identity-in-singapore\/\"><sup>25<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> This sounds slightly familiar, does it not? Eerie was perhaps not the right word to describe Celia\u2019s emotions, but suffice to say she was gravely distressed. How easy it has been, to erase the oppressed from history, honor them selectively (as it were with the portrayal of Samsui women in 2015\u2019s NDP<a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/national-day-in-pictures-and-videos-islandwide-celebrations-and-commemorations-on-aug-9\"><sup>26<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>) , and proclaim religious harmony. Joanne\u2019s comparison of Singapore to Westworld and the image of the city being stripped bare &#8211; multiculturalism, contemporary excellence and all -, injustice unveiled, was especially stark now:<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-beb8b21 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"beb8b21\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><em>&#8220;At first lauded for its gold-standard pandemic control\u2014the sleek city-state, as the one in Westworld where all seems modern, precise, and carefully curated\u2014the island finally succumbed to its open secret: the immense underclass of foreign workers, the enforced poverty and apartheid-like living conditions that sustain the unsustainable.&#8221;<\/em><\/p><ul><li><i><span>Joanne Leow, \u201cThis is Singapore\u201dOn Watching Westworld in the Diaspora<a href=\"https:\/\/www.evergreenreview.com\/read\/this-is-singapore-on-watching-westworld-in-the-diaspora\/\"><sup>27<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e39bdf8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e39bdf8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Yet the nation-state had insisted on its strive towards a multicultural identity, and emerging from it was Racial Harmony Day<\/b><span>, launched in 1997<a href=\"https:\/\/eresources.nlb.gov.sg\/infopedia\/articles\/SIP_965_2004-12-31.html\"><sup>28<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> (Celia cocked her head to the side when she found out that this was 34 years after the race riots! 34! And it was used to justify the ISA prior to that<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore\"><sup>29<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>\u2026). and done as part of Singapore\u2019s National Education (NE) programme. How such a programme came to be was apparently from then Prime Minister Goh Chok Tong, upon realisation that there was a \u201cserious gap in knowledge\u201d among the youth on post-war history<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1964_race_riots_in_Singapore\"><sup>30<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> (- using the <\/span><i><span>very <\/span><\/i><span>applicable life skills taught in school, she could not help but compare and contrast this to what he said some time ago<a href=\"https:\/\/www.asiaone.com\/singapore\/goh-chok-tong-young-people-my-generation-had-practical-dreams-compared-todays-youth\"><sup>31<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>). NE has, since then, been \u201cinfused\u201d into every aspect of school life.<a href=\"http:\/\/www1.moe.edu.sg.ne\"><sup>32<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p><p><span>Once, Celia had taken a deep dive into her old textbooks and diaries &#8211; whether for nostalgia or frustration, she would not know. Pictures of National Day and Total defence day were part of that pile; And she viewed them with new awareness. Simply put, in championing the cause of diversity and racial harmony, these official narratives of \u201crituals\u201d and \u201criots\u201d were a means of \u201cdisciplining difference\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/www.nlb.gov.sg\/biblio\/9799168\"><sup>33<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><span> Calling out the irony in how days like Racial Harmony Day are still \u201can occasion to dress up\u201d\u00a0 and \u201csidestep difficult questions\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/historyogi\/status\/1285413521841197057?s=20\"><sup>34<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, she indulges in the possibility of \u2018celebrating\u2019 Check Your Privilege Day<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/ZG_SYANk5dc\"><sup>35<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> instead.\u00a0 Diversity as a concept was covered in social studies, but it\u2019s narrow scope, combined with the depiction of challenges as solely interpersonal, disconnected it from wider systems and dynamics.<\/span><i><span> Like a TV on replay<\/span><\/i><span>, she would say. <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8e5ec00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8e5ec00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1708\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image4.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82862f1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82862f1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1709\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image11.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e571d88 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e571d88\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1710\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image6.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Some pages in a social studies textbook)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ae980b elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7ae980b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>Indeed, as much as this Island-city has \u2018progressed\u2019, it never seemed to have recovered from past trauma. It\u2019s success story is always \u201cdespite\u201d or \u201cin spite of\u201d its size and lack of resources, not \u201cbecause of\u201d as writers like Sudhir Vadaketh have suggested<a href=\"https:\/\/nuspress.nus.edu.sg\/products\/hard-choices\"><sup>36<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><span> Celia agreed that Singapore\u2019s vulnerability may very well be a \u201csocial construct created by those in power\u201d. How else would society accept the trade-offs made?<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-82daead elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"82daead\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1711\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image5.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(A page in a social studies textbook)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-98c9296 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"98c9296\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>As a person who strongly believed that win-wins were also possible, having to revisit such inherently zero-sum narratives did not sit well with Celia. Unnerving as it was, she had to flip through pages and pages that showed the government making \u201ctrade-offs\u201d with people\u2019s best interest in mind, often skimming over the real human and socio-cultural cost of their \u2018developments\u2019. They also rarely paid heed to the alternative voices that had as much of an equal role in the shaping of our nationhood<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dw.com\/en\/raffles-bicentennial-stokes-debate-in-singapore-over-colonization-legacy\/a-47963993\"><sup>37<\/sup><\/a>.<\/span><span>\u00a0 <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e132657 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e132657\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1712\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image3.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edfa00 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8edfa00\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1713\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image8.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Some pages in a history textbook)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-cb8afc2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"cb8afc2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Noticeably, the problem lies not only in what was portrayed, but what has fallen through the gaps.<\/b><span> Celia has always been wary of the tension belying what she learnt in school, and the world around her. An image of a placard from last year\u2019s climate rally<a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/events\/446303076220942\/\"><sup>38<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, saying \u201cO Lvls soon but so is irreversible climate crisis\u201c was something that left an imprint in her mind. Hearing the crowd chant \u201cWhat do we want? Climate Action!!\u201d really made her feel as though all the case studies and solutions could never amount to the passion and sensitivity culminating in that moment, and it was madness. Madness in the sense that what prepared her for the intricacies of the world was going out into it herself. It was not school, not some 21st century competencies<a href=\"https:\/\/beta.moe.gov.sg\/education-in-SG\/21st-century-competencies\/\"><sup>39<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, and probably not a \u201crefreshed curriculum\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pap.org.sg\/manifesto\/\"><sup>40<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5a8d430 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"5a8d430\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1714\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image9.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7544f0c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7544f0c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1715\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image7.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Some pages in a geography textbook)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3ba3ca6 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3ba3ca6\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>So often has the education system conditioned us to tend towards objectivity and categorisation in the face of complexity, and pursue sheer productivity in lieu of redundancy and creativity.<a href=\"https:\/\/ecoversities.org\/the-university-of-full-catastrophe-learning\/?fbclid=IwAR1XqEB7d1pz1YcQ62LErI8dbWR1oc9AJA_lTiSK3ZJQhNuHk_B7kDvkb9s\"><sup>41<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> She notices this from the way we divide into Science and Art streams<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Education_in_Singapore\"><sup>42<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, have enrichments like the Humanities programme<a href=\"https:\/\/www.htdsg.com\"><sup>43<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> and Creative Arts programme<a href=\"https:\/\/capsingapore.wordpress.com\/seminar\/creative-writing-portfolio\/\"><sup>44<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> reserved for \u2018the talented\u2019, to the so-called \u201cparadox of meritocracy\u201d.<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moe.gov.sg\/news\/speeches\/parliamentary-motion-education-for-our-future--response-by-minister-for-education--mr-ong-ye-kung\"><sup>45<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0aa1e26 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"0aa1e26\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1717\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-1024x681.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-768x511.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-1536x1021.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image13.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e1bb47c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e1bb47c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1718\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image10.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Some pages from a history and geography textbook)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7146a5f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7146a5f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><b>Where this positions Celia is rather precarious.<\/b><span> On one hand, she is haunted by the knowledge that her education (and that of the future) remains disharmonised with the many actors, structures and crises that are ultimately intersectional and in urgent need for action. And the system continues to disaffirm LGBTQ+ students<a href=\"https:\/\/asiatimes.com\/2018\/07\/a-rally-cry-mounts-for-lgbt-rights-in-singapore\/?fbclid=IwAR20-IAszh0TpEmCQbdLjNEI-zW0tyGhPzwGsRFxOXmS5i90dH2DPdJa4sc\"><sup>46<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, facilitate racial discrimination<a href=\"https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/singapore\/racism-singapore-sap-schools-discussed-onepeople-dialogue-11930444\"><sup>47<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> and widen inequality (she points to Dr Teo Yeo Yenn and her comments on \u201chierarchy\u201d and what the system \u201crewards\u201d and \u201cpunishes\u201d)<a href=\"https:\/\/www.channelnewsasia.com\/news\/singapore\/teo-you-yenn-this-is-what-inequality-looks-like-on-the-record-10246872\"><sup>48<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>. Yet, on the other, she is helplessly disempowered, unable to effect change.<\/span><\/p><p><b>She thus questions what this means for a student\u2019s political literacy and civic participation. <\/b><span>Should they not have the ability and agency to stand with the causes that they hold dearly? To question the narratives and practices as she is now? Even recently, a school cautions against political discourse<a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/politics\/singapore-ge2020-hwa-chong-defends-advice-to-students-to-not-discuss-election-on-social\"><sup>49<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> when there has long been calls for greater strides made in this regard (See this CNA Talking Point in 2014<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=DI25jISJ780\"><sup>50<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, PSP\u2019s launch conference<a href=\"https:\/\/www.todayonline.com\/singapore\/tan-cheng-bocks-progress-singapore-party-calls-lowering-voting-age-prioritising-citizens\"><sup>51<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, or some party manifestos<a href=\"https:\/\/www.todayonline.com\/singapore\/ge2020-spp-releases-manifesto-addressing-youth-centric-issues-mental-health-environment\"><sup>52<\/sup><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/mustsharenews.com\/workers-party-manifesto\/\"><sup> 53<\/sup><\/a><\/span> <span>). <\/span><i><span>We need more youth like Raeesah<a href=\"http:\/\/theindependent.sg\/wps-raeesah-khan-concerned-about-deep-rooted-inequality-in-singapore\/\"><sup>54<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/i><span>, Celia thinks, <\/span><i><span>who will call out what is truly wrong with our ways of perceiving and doing, and then work towards changing that.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><\/p><p><b>In virtue of Singapore\u2019s education system, Celia is hopeful that things can shift for the better. <\/b><span>Success in such a system meant embracing \u201cculturally dominant virtues\u201d of Abundance, Control, Conviction, Competition, and Individualism, as William Throop has so gracefully put into words.<a href=\"https:\/\/newnaratif.com\/research\/educating-for-a-climate-crisis-world\/\"><sup>55<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> Now, it is with this, that we can know \u201cwhat\u201d to move away from, asking \u201cwhy\u201d and then \u201chow\u201d as we chart a path towards a truly holistic and value-based education for the future. Throop calls this \u201ctransition virtues\u201d of Frugality, Adaptation, Humility, Collaboration, and Systems-thinking, to which Celia fervently nods.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7d2b03d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7d2b03d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-300x200.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1721\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12-360x240.png 360w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image12.png 1600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Book: Eating Chili Crab in the Anthropocene)<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1adb245 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"1adb245\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>As Nominated Member of Parliament Kuik Shiao-Yin argued before during the 2016 Budget Debates<a href=\"https:\/\/www.straitstimes.com\/singapore\/kiasu-culture-is-stifling-originality-in-business-nmp-kuik-shiao-yin\"><sup>56<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, policy changes without the aligned cultural interventions will be limited at best. Simply refreshing or introducing a syllabus into the curriculum is not the same as having reforms that tackle root causes &#8211; like the one suggested for sexual education<a href=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/document\/d\/1JZMcquaeicDOiwl1KloLjEXAmAVXSNTzNQmXgEtOY0o\/edit\"><sup>57<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> &#8211; or dismantling the system entirely.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><span>Uprooting fundamental concerns would require the challenging and countering of narratives, long-held. It requires the relooking of principles like our shared confucian values<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1111\/j.1741-5446.2012.00456.x#:~:text=In%20this%20essay%20Charlene%20Tan,the%20official%20ideology%20of%20multiculturalism.\"><sup>58<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> with questions to be asked: \u201cWhat should we hold onto? What should we keep?\u201d Only then can Celia aspire for the day where autonomous moral reasoning and serious self-reflection will be appreciated. Democratic rights are something we all have. <\/span><i><span>So empowered we must be; to conquer the trade-offs, we resist.\u00a0<\/span><\/i><\/p><p><span>\u201c2020 was the closest that we have come to a viable opposition presence\u201d, Carissa Cheow says, while reiterating that there is still an arduous road ahead.<a href=\"https:\/\/m.facebook.com\/story.php?story_fbid=10218050627885402&amp;id=1477807760\"><sup>59<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span> Celia feels a similar stir every time she squeals with glee when reading articles like Kokila\u2019s \u201cBeing Mao Mao\u201d<a href=\"https:\/\/learningfromthemargins.substack.com\/p\/being-mao-mao?fbclid=IwAR1elmag06cNFVJWIuxVA3yLUrzAPTt_Bx868VFIRfE6zbHP5S93mgoemLY\"><sup>60<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, which fill her with this undying resolve to upheave oceans, however deep the Mariana Trench may be. It is with this same sensibility that she regards festivals like Activism in Crisis<a href=\"https:\/\/www.activismincrisis.com\/\"><sup>61<\/sup><\/a><\/span><span>, not as epitomes (she feels they are), but as tasters of more to come.<sup>62<\/sup> <\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d87a3e elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"8d87a3e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-caption\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1-300x300.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-1722\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1-768x768.png 768w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1-45x45.png 45w, https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/image1-1.png 960w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figcaption class=\"widget-image-caption wp-caption-text\">(Activism in Crisis infographic) <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e73c007 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e73c007\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span>This national day, Celia wishes for more dialogues around justice and moral leadership; more spaces for difficult conversations to be had and acted upon; more interdisciplinary, intergenerational and cross-cultural engagements that involve the whole of society. And that requires everyone to humble themselves and embrace the prospect of uncertainty, inclusivity and bountiful imagination for all.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><p><span>With that, Celia leaves you with this:\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><\/p><p><em>\u201cUnderstandably, educational systems, especially those that have existed for many decades in developing countries, are inherently conservative institutions,\u00a0 and change is often resisted. But globalisation will create inevitable changes. For teacher education and training in Singapore, remaining unchanged will lead to degeneration.\u201d<\/em><\/p><p><\/p><p><i><\/i><\/p><ul><li><i><span>Goh Chor Boon &amp; Lee Sing kong,Making Teacher Education Response and Relevant<\/span><\/i><\/li><\/ul><p><\/p><p><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c660dca elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c660dca\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcd998d elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"bcd998d\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-7e70a59\" data-id=\"7e70a59\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-556633f elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"556633f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef0b2f2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ef0b2f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Footnotes<br \/><\/strong><\/span><\/h1><ol><li><span>Pari is Stingray in Indonesian (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikan_bakar\"><span>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ikan_bakar<\/span><\/a><span>). They are a delicacy in Singapore (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sambal_stingray\"><span>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sambal_stingray<\/span><\/a><span>)<\/span><\/li><li><span>Hawker centres are food courts in Singapore (<\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawker_centre\"><span>https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hawker_centre<\/span><\/a><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-5b57e54 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"5b57e54\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-166ea62\" data-id=\"166ea62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-inner-section elementor-element elementor-element-de6ee12 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"de6ee12\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-258004e\" data-id=\"258004e\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb05995 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"fb05995\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"750\" height=\"563\" src=\"https:\/\/accommodatesg.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/photo1648111684.jpeg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2015\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-inner-column elementor-element elementor-element-5cd46e1\" data-id=\"5cd46e1\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-acef967 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"acef967\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">About the Author:<\/span><span style=\"font-size: 9pt; font-family: Arial; color: #222222; background-color: #ffffff; font-weight: 400; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;\" id=\"docs-internal-guid-f0bd14a9-7fff-f00b-a2ed-c85bf4d9a8a9\"><span><\/span><\/span><\/p><p><span><i>What does it mean to dream?<\/i> For someone like Sami, that was all she knew. Imagination was her lifeblood and stories were the source, taking her to places beyond. As words became sentences, and sentences became expository, those four lines on the walls of possibilities \u2013 she knew so perfectly -, suddenly, vanished. It was as though the shabby foundations beneath her had sunken into the floor of this exasperating, lovable city, along with all the makeshift constructions which, allegedly, compartmentalized and effectively utilized, space. And to think she would ever stop dreaming.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5672608 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5672608\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In virtue of Singapore&#8217;s education system Written by Sami Rehearse: (verb)3\u00a0 practise (a play, piece of music, or other work) for later public performance State (a list of points, especially those that have been made many times before); enumerate. \u201cTo rehearse\u201d, Celia thought, \u201cmeant to repeat a series of actions [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[45],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>In virtue of Singapore&#039;s education system &#8212; 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